#######LISTS, ARRAYS, DICTIONARIES AND SORTING######
#Here we are going to look at arrays, lists, dictionaries and sorting
#Again remember to change file extension on here to .py from .txt before executing

#1. Arrays or Lists - An array is a series of items made up into a lists, an example of an array is show below
#First we shall create an array called numbers and give it values
#The values specified are surrounded by square brackets and split up by commas as shown
numbers = [5,4,1,2,3]
#Now when we print numbers it will show the whole array split up by commas
print numbers

#If we only wish to print one element of numbers we can do so with the following code
print numbers[0] #this will print out the first value in numbers (5), we surround element by square brackets here

#2. Lists - In python an array is a list and vise verse, python has no array element although sometimes lists are refered to as arrays

#3. dictionaries - A dictionary is similar to a list but it has keys representing values within it
#Imagine a database, a database may have an id column and also columns for first name, surname and age
#a dictionary will contain data about all
#The following example shows a dictionary called dict being created for peoples id, forename, surhame and age
dict = {'ID': 0, 'Forename': 'John', 'Surname': 'Smith', 'Age': 25} # notice here, on the left is the key and its value is on the right
#Notice above we put any strings in quotes, we don't need to put integers in quotes and split kep and value up by colon(:)
print dict.items() #this will print out the values from within our dictionary
#This will print out the value of 'ID'
print dict['ID']

#4. Sorting - here we look at sorting arrays/lists and dictionaries
#When sorting a list we can do this easilly using the sort function, we shall sort our bumbers list
numbers.sort()#this will sort a list into values from low to high or ascending order, alphabetical for strings
print numbers #notice after print how the elements have changed, you can print various elements also
#This will sort the dictionary by keys, so in alphabetical order, note that mixing numbers and strings in keys will not sort properly
print sorted(dict.keys())
#you can also sort by items by using dict.items() instead of dict.keys()

#CONGRATULATIONS YOU NOW KNOW HOW TO SET UP BASIC ARRAYS, DICTIONARIES AND BASIC SORTING IN PYTHON